How to identify true and false jadeite?

Marion

September 12, 2022 at 11:37 pm

Regarding the "A, B, C, D"
here does not refer to the emerald entry or the basic class of jadeite, but the natural emerald is manually beautified (color) () to increase the A -cargo that sells the appearance of A -phase A -phase A goods , B goods, C goods, D goods.

Emerald is the national gem of our country. Since ancient times, Chinese people are the most respectful of jade, and senior emerald is the favorite of Chinese people. Therefore, some people try their best to raise color to cater to their preferences. Improved into a charming appearance and improved the sense of value. In fact, the real value has not increased, but the price increases a lot. For example, the waist of the diamond was immersed in the blue aqueous solution in the early days, and the blue pigment was attached to the surface of the diamond waist after drying and dried. The light was reduced by the light to reduce the yellow tone, and the diamond color level was improved. This method is simple, but it is also easy to fade, and as long as it is 10 times large, the flaw can be seen -granular pigment attached to the surface of the diamond waist. With the advancement of science and technology, the processing method is more precise and difficult to detect (such as transforming yellow -brown diamonds into blue or green diamonds), and such as heat treatment and soaring cooling treatment can make colorless or milk -free or low -level blue blue Color gemstones change into high -priced ruby or blue sapphire or golden sapphire. The processing methods have emerged endlessly, there are all diverse, different, and it is invincible. Emerald is no exception. As follows:
. ALlowIn (Alowing): Immersion wax treatment
Emerald is opaque to translucent gemstone. The emerald green we see is some of the light quality in the sun or white light. As a result of the green light, the color of the emerald color should reach the four elements of color (thick), color (yang), color (positive) and color (uniform). The emerald is often mixed with other materials to form a rock, so the tissue structure is uniform, and the surface after polishing is not very smooth; observed under the magnifying glass, such as shark skin and unevenness, the reflection ability is greatly affected. In the process of completing the pondering process, the last and most important procedures (polished), then soak in the fruit acid, rinse the iron or other impurities on the surface (this process is called "removing yellow"), and in addition In particular, it is immersed in the wax solution, so that the wax is penetrated into the crack gap and small potholes to improve the reflection capacity and increase the gloss.
This has been doing for many years, which is allowed by the average person to be allowed to be (A) or (A Jade) (ALLOWING JADEITE) between the jade industry.

. Bleached and Polymer Jadeite is bleached for bleaching glue treatment
Emerald bleach and irrigation glue treatment, especially in the jade market, especially Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan, regardless of high -end high -end The old pits or low-grade green species are available. It is reported that 80-90%of the high-end goods have been processed. Its law includes two main stages: the first stage is bleaching, also known as fading yellow, and is about to cut into pieces of jadeite or emerald that has been considered. Tan or gray black (may be caused by iron compounds in the crack). The second stage is to inject polymer- and even add green pigment. The emerald processed in these two stages is called Bleaching and Playmer Jadeite. Its first letter in English is (b), so the jade business industry is referred to as (B). Until now, this treatment is limited to green or white emeralds, and other colors of jade such as purple to purple or nephrite.
(1) The procedure of bleaching glue
The first stage of bleaching: emerald rough (wool), or cut into plate -shaped rough or the emeralds that have been pondered for shaping Drug removal of brown -yellow iron with cracks or particle structures. According to various sources of data, hydrochloric acid, fruit acid is the most commonly used bleach, and other nathematic compounds are often used to bleach emerald. According to the degree or sources of pollution or pollution, some of them are soaked for a few hours, but some need to be immersed in a few weeks to work. When the color presented is determined to reach the maximum improvement, remove and keep clean with water, of course, there are soda to "neutralize" the acid that remains on the jade. At this point, it is still a normal operation. Many kinds of gemstone are treated by emeralds like this before pondering, and even corals are replaced by polishing with dilute hydrochloric acid. In this way, the product is naturally unprocessed because other materials are not added.
The second stage: After the bleaching is completed, all or most of the tan squeezed between cracks or particles have been cleared, but the white or pink green pulse lines are more obvious and not good -looking. The bleeding jadeite leaves the pores because of removing the stains, which makes the split state, and even the minimum quality bleaching emerald, as long as the back force of the fingers will be crushed. If it is not handled and inlaid and wears it, it won't be too long, these pores will be filled with dirt and fat, and it is not beautiful. Both inject resin to replace the removal substance. To fill the pores and loosely solid emeralds, some technicians injected dyes and polymers into
(NG 1990), and then removed the residual polymer after completing the injection.
(2) Appraisal method:
The gem nature of bleaching bleaching glue emerald, its discount rate, spectrum (handheld spectrometer) is not significantly different from those who are not handled, but in the proportion and ultraviolet fluorescence There are significant differences in reactions, hot needle reactions, hot needle response tests, and high -power magnification characteristics (appearance). It can be based on testing bleach injection products. The newly developed new instrument infrared spectrometer recently developed and applied to jewelry identification. The price is expensive and expensive and expensive. It requires higher technology, but the most accurate is as follows:
(1) A small drop of pure hydrochloric acid dripped on the non-passed emerald. Observe for several minutes (about 1-20 minutes), there will Many (small round sweat beads) are around the small drops. This reaction is the effects of emerald crystal particles and small cracks and sub -pores and capillary. When testing the white jadeite in the same way, the phenomenon (small round sweat bead) is not filled with the pores of the sub -pores in the same way. Note that in the dry heat, especially in the air -conditioned room, because the hydrochloric acid will evaporate before you see the response, you must continue to drop hydrochloride.
(2) The microscope uses reflex light to observe the filling of the filling in the surface crack. Low -grade jade with poor luster may also find white spots on the jade tablets; due to negligence during treatment; in the samples on the polished surface, sometimes you can see the ingredients of the filling ingredients or cotton wool fibrous fiber clusters. In the material, you can also see the residue of rubber in the shallow gap, depression, small pit, etc.
(3) UV fluorescent reactions
The naturally unprepared jadeite did not respond to ultraviolet radiation. Some of the long wave ultraviolet rays are displayed as light as moderate to the white, and the short -wave ultraviolet rays are weaker or unsurgreatly. The green part has no response. The bleaching glue emerald response to the long wave ultraviolet rays. The short -wave ultraviolet irradiation is dull or unresponsive. It shows the light blue and white fluorescent under the long waves of ultraviolet rays, and sometimes it is more obvious in the white place. This fluorescent is roughly from the irrigated rubber. Therefore, it is blue -white to yellow -green fluorescence on long -wave ultraviolet rays, providing useful indicators of bleaching glue emerald. However, this test must be performed in the dark room. If the fluorescence cannot be seen in the bright place, and the fluorescent response of the gemstone is used for reference, it must be determined by other methods.
(4) Knock:
If identification of jadeite quality and grade, ancient training six characters: color, transparency, uniform, shape, knock, and photo, which is the motto that often hangs on the jade industry in the jade industry. Among them, "knocking" can come in handy in identifying B. Large pieces such as jade bracelets are tapped gently with coins. If it is naturally unprocessed high -end goods, it makes a crispy and pleasant sound, and the B goods make a gloomy and dull subcarnation. Its theoretical basis is that the rubber or fracture of the emerald structure blocks the sound waves, and the vibration of the sound waves without treatment is unimpeded.
(5) Infrared spectrometer:
The infrared spectrometer only has this device in research or academic institutions. The price is expensive and difficult to operate. Generally, the jewelry appraisal laboratory is available. However, it is most accurate to identify whether the jadeite is injected with glue. Those who inspect bleach injection in the instrument can find that a strong absorption peak can be found in the middle of the infrared region of China. And further measured the glue (polymer) used by Youneng, including WAX, PHThalate, and Opticon. Among them, resin No.224 is most commonly used.

three, COATING JADEITE (Coating Jadeite) is covered with
The method of being covered with white (replaced by other decorative stones such as Indian jade instead). The thin green glue film makes the original white jade, turning into a green and transparent "crown green". In fact, several gems have improved the color of the gemstone through the method of being covered. For example, the surface of the natural golden green jade of Faceted is covered with a layer of green substances to pretend to be emerald (Kane 1982); colorless steel jade beads are covered with red substances on its bead holes; Rubber and so on.
The jade, which is covered with this surface, has no response on the color filter and ultraviolet line. The general appraisal method is to use a microscope to put a large inspection of its characteristics: (1) Lost the rough noodles (pit concave) unique to the surface of the jadeite; smooth due to the glue film (2) the dyed color table of the glue film can be seen into a slight point , Point -like scattered on the coexistence of the glue film and the jade. The blue watch on the bottom surface is the clearest. (3) Turn the emerald over and at the bottom of the sky, you can see the color around the jade. (4) Sometimes you can see the original color of the jade film damage (see Figure 6). It can also be used to pierce the film with hot needles or large head needles, but this method must be used with caution. In addition, a tidalometer can be used to observe a thick absorption spectrum in the red area.

. Dyeing jadeite is dyed
The jadeite (C goods) that will be dyed (C). "Colored" Jadeite, in fact, uses the word "Dye" for artificial dyeing in jewelry, and "Colored" refers to natural coloring. It is called "C goods" as "C goods" as Colored Jadeite. Everyone may wish to correct it. Although emerald can be dyed in various colors, it is more common to dye green and purple, especially green. Not only nude stones and jade can be stained, but also slices and rough (raw materials) can also be stained. The process of dyeing includes two steps: heating and high pressure. Heating must be carefully heated carefully to promote the pores of the jadeite, and then the dyeing spreads into the entire emerald surface with high pressure.
The early dyeing is only used to complete the nude stones that are pondered, and the door is closed to secretly proceed. No one acknowledges the work of dyeing. This soil dyeing is time -consuming and often repeated 6 to 12 times to achieve good results. First of all, it is necessary to slowly heat the emerald. This must be trained skills and experience, otherwise heating is too fast and it is easy to cause rupture. Therefore, it is not possible to heat the emerald directly. Like fried chestnuts, put emeralds in the middle of the pot filled with iron ore sand (fried chestnuts with small stones). The chromatography is immersed in cracks, main pulses and pores to achieve the purpose of staining. At present, scientific and technological progress is dyed with large -scale, and iron ore sand was no longer heated.

The characteristics of dyeing emerald:
The real fine chromosome, the layman cannot recognize it with the naked eye. It must be a scientific way to test it, plus professional knowledge to identify. For dyeing workmanship rough products, you can observe the following features with the naked eye:

1. The appearance color is dark, dull and blue, because it is stained with blue pigment.
2. The color only exists on the surface layer, which looks floating. "
3. The distribution of the color is divided by the dyed main pulse pattern, which is divided into the roots of the plant main roots and spread all over the whole stone throughout the stone. .
4. Dyeing emerald will lose its gloss and appears "dry" or "water deficiency" (opaque).
5. The color is blue and unnatural, which is the so -called evil color.
6. "It is like wearing a uniform, the same is the same.
7. Although the dyeing emerald is mostly single, it does not mean that the multi -color person will not be dyed, especially the bracelets are more likely to be dyed into green, purple and red three three three three three three that are green, purple and red. Color bracelets are so -called 禄, Lu, and life bracelets.

The application standard gem appraisal instrument inspection:
1. Dye green people are orange or pink under Charles filter; Go to blue and root patterns; observe with the handheld spectrophot, you can measure the 6300A-6700A with a wide and vague absorption band.
2. Purple-dyed purple-dyed person, with strength under long waves of ultraviolet lines to very strong orange fluorescence reactions. The short -wave ultraviolet reaction is weak orange fluorescent.
3. Dyes (pigment) gathered in the cracks on the surface.

5 thoughts on “How to identify true and false jadeite?”

Marion
September 12, 2022 at 11:37 pm

Regarding the "A, B, C, D"
here does not refer to the emerald entry or the basic class of jadeite, but the natural emerald is manually beautified (color) () to increase the A -cargo that sells the appearance of A -phase A -phase A goods , B goods, C goods, D goods.

Emerald is the national gem of our country. Since ancient times, Chinese people are the most respectful of jade, and senior emerald is the favorite of Chinese people. Therefore, some people try their best to raise color to cater to their preferences. Improved into a charming appearance and improved the sense of value. In fact, the real value has not increased, but the price increases a lot. For example, the waist of the diamond was immersed in the blue aqueous solution in the early days, and the blue pigment was attached to the surface of the diamond waist after drying and dried. The light was reduced by the light to reduce the yellow tone, and the diamond color level was improved. This method is simple, but it is also easy to fade, and as long as it is 10 times large, the flaw can be seen -granular pigment attached to the surface of the diamond waist. With the advancement of science and technology, the processing method is more precise and difficult to detect (such as transforming yellow -brown diamonds into blue or green diamonds), and such as heat treatment and soaring cooling treatment can make colorless or milk -free or low -level blue blue Color gemstones change into high -priced ruby or blue sapphire or golden sapphire. The processing methods have emerged endlessly, there are all diverse, different, and it is invincible. Emerald is no exception. As follows:
. ALlowIn (Alowing): Immersion wax treatment
Emerald is opaque to translucent gemstone. The emerald green we see is some of the light quality in the sun or white light. As a result of the green light, the color of the emerald color should reach the four elements of color (thick), color (yang), color (positive) and color (uniform). The emerald is often mixed with other materials to form a rock, so the tissue structure is uniform, and the surface after polishing is not very smooth; observed under the magnifying glass, such as shark skin and unevenness, the reflection ability is greatly affected. In the process of completing the pondering process, the last and most important procedures (polished), then soak in the fruit acid, rinse the iron or other impurities on the surface (this process is called "removing yellow"), and in addition In particular, it is immersed in the wax solution, so that the wax is penetrated into the crack gap and small potholes to improve the reflection capacity and increase the gloss.
This has been doing for many years, which is allowed by the average person to be allowed to be (A) or (A Jade) (ALLOWING JADEITE) between the jade industry.

. Bleached and Polymer Jadeite is bleached for bleaching glue treatment
Emerald bleach and irrigation glue treatment, especially in the jade market, especially Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan, regardless of high -end high -end The old pits or low-grade green species are available. It is reported that 80-90%of the high-end goods have been processed. Its law includes two main stages: the first stage is bleaching, also known as fading yellow, and is about to cut into pieces of jadeite or emerald that has been considered. Tan or gray black (may be caused by iron compounds in the crack). The second stage is to inject polymer- and even add green pigment. The emerald processed in these two stages is called Bleaching and Playmer Jadeite. Its first letter in English is (b), so the jade business industry is referred to as (B). Until now, this treatment is limited to green or white emeralds, and other colors of jade such as purple to purple or nephrite.
(1) The procedure of bleaching glue
The first stage of bleaching: emerald rough (wool), or cut into plate -shaped rough or the emeralds that have been pondered for shaping Drug removal of brown -yellow iron with cracks or particle structures. According to various sources of data, hydrochloric acid, fruit acid is the most commonly used bleach, and other nathematic compounds are often used to bleach emerald. According to the degree or sources of pollution or pollution, some of them are soaked for a few hours, but some need to be immersed in a few weeks to work. When the color presented is determined to reach the maximum improvement, remove and keep clean with water, of course, there are soda to "neutralize" the acid that remains on the jade. At this point, it is still a normal operation. Many kinds of gemstone are treated by emeralds like this before pondering, and even corals are replaced by polishing with dilute hydrochloric acid. In this way, the product is naturally unprocessed because other materials are not added.
The second stage: After the bleaching is completed, all or most of the tan squeezed between cracks or particles have been cleared, but the white or pink green pulse lines are more obvious and not good -looking. The bleeding jadeite leaves the pores because of removing the stains, which makes the split state, and even the minimum quality bleaching emerald, as long as the back force of the fingers will be crushed. If it is not handled and inlaid and wears it, it won't be too long, these pores will be filled with dirt and fat, and it is not beautiful. Both inject resin to replace the removal substance. To fill the pores and loosely solid emeralds, some technicians injected dyes and polymers into
(NG 1990), and then removed the residual polymer after completing the injection.
(2) Appraisal method:
The gem nature of bleaching bleaching glue emerald, its discount rate, spectrum (handheld spectrometer) is not significantly different from those who are not handled, but in the proportion and ultraviolet fluorescence There are significant differences in reactions, hot needle reactions, hot needle response tests, and high -power magnification characteristics (appearance). It can be based on testing bleach injection products. The newly developed new instrument infrared spectrometer recently developed and applied to jewelry identification. The price is expensive and expensive and expensive. It requires higher technology, but the most accurate is as follows:
(1) A small drop of pure hydrochloric acid dripped on the non-passed emerald. Observe for several minutes (about 1-20 minutes), there will Many (small round sweat beads) are around the small drops. This reaction is the effects of emerald crystal particles and small cracks and sub -pores and capillary. When testing the white jadeite in the same way, the phenomenon (small round sweat bead) is not filled with the pores of the sub -pores in the same way. Note that in the dry heat, especially in the air -conditioned room, because the hydrochloric acid will evaporate before you see the response, you must continue to drop hydrochloride.
(2) The microscope uses reflex light to observe the filling of the filling in the surface crack. Low -grade jade with poor luster may also find white spots on the jade tablets; due to negligence during treatment; in the samples on the polished surface, sometimes you can see the ingredients of the filling ingredients or cotton wool fibrous fiber clusters. In the material, you can also see the residue of rubber in the shallow gap, depression, small pit, etc.
(3) UV fluorescent reactions
The naturally unprepared jadeite did not respond to ultraviolet radiation. Some of the long wave ultraviolet rays are displayed as light as moderate to the white, and the short -wave ultraviolet rays are weaker or unsurgreatly. The green part has no response. The bleaching glue emerald response to the long wave ultraviolet rays. The short -wave ultraviolet irradiation is dull or unresponsive. It shows the light blue and white fluorescent under the long waves of ultraviolet rays, and sometimes it is more obvious in the white place. This fluorescent is roughly from the irrigated rubber. Therefore, it is blue -white to yellow -green fluorescence on long -wave ultraviolet rays, providing useful indicators of bleaching glue emerald. However, this test must be performed in the dark room. If the fluorescence cannot be seen in the bright place, and the fluorescent response of the gemstone is used for reference, it must be determined by other methods.
(4) Knock:
If identification of jadeite quality and grade, ancient training six characters: color, transparency, uniform, shape, knock, and photo, which is the motto that often hangs on the jade industry in the jade industry. Among them, "knocking" can come in handy in identifying B. Large pieces such as jade bracelets are tapped gently with coins. If it is naturally unprocessed high -end goods, it makes a crispy and pleasant sound, and the B goods make a gloomy and dull subcarnation. Its theoretical basis is that the rubber or fracture of the emerald structure blocks the sound waves, and the vibration of the sound waves without treatment is unimpeded.
(5) Infrared spectrometer:
The infrared spectrometer only has this device in research or academic institutions. The price is expensive and difficult to operate. Generally, the jewelry appraisal laboratory is available. However, it is most accurate to identify whether the jadeite is injected with glue. Those who inspect bleach injection in the instrument can find that a strong absorption peak can be found in the middle of the infrared region of China. And further measured the glue (polymer) used by Youneng, including WAX, PHThalate, and Opticon. Among them, resin No.224 is most commonly used.

three, COATING JADEITE (Coating Jadeite) is covered with
The method of being covered with white (replaced by other decorative stones such as Indian jade instead). The thin green glue film makes the original white jade, turning into a green and transparent "crown green". In fact, several gems have improved the color of the gemstone through the method of being covered. For example, the surface of the natural golden green jade of Faceted is covered with a layer of green substances to pretend to be emerald (Kane 1982); colorless steel jade beads are covered with red substances on its bead holes; Rubber and so on.
The jade, which is covered with this surface, has no response on the color filter and ultraviolet line. The general appraisal method is to use a microscope to put a large inspection of its characteristics: (1) Lost the rough noodles (pit concave) unique to the surface of the jadeite; smooth due to the glue film (2) the dyed color table of the glue film can be seen into a slight point , Point -like scattered on the coexistence of the glue film and the jade. The blue watch on the bottom surface is the clearest. (3) Turn the emerald over and at the bottom of the sky, you can see the color around the jade. (4) Sometimes you can see the original color of the jade film damage (see Figure 6). It can also be used to pierce the film with hot needles or large head needles, but this method must be used with caution. In addition, a tidalometer can be used to observe a thick absorption spectrum in the red area.

. Dyeing jadeite is dyed
The jadeite (C goods) that will be dyed (C). "Colored" Jadeite, in fact, uses the word "Dye" for artificial dyeing in jewelry, and "Colored" refers to natural coloring. It is called "C goods" as "C goods" as Colored Jadeite. Everyone may wish to correct it. Although emerald can be dyed in various colors, it is more common to dye green and purple, especially green. Not only nude stones and jade can be stained, but also slices and rough (raw materials) can also be stained. The process of dyeing includes two steps: heating and high pressure. Heating must be carefully heated carefully to promote the pores of the jadeite, and then the dyeing spreads into the entire emerald surface with high pressure.
The early dyeing is only used to complete the nude stones that are pondered, and the door is closed to secretly proceed. No one acknowledges the work of dyeing. This soil dyeing is time -consuming and often repeated 6 to 12 times to achieve good results. First of all, it is necessary to slowly heat the emerald. This must be trained skills and experience, otherwise heating is too fast and it is easy to cause rupture. Therefore, it is not possible to heat the emerald directly. Like fried chestnuts, put emeralds in the middle of the pot filled with iron ore sand (fried chestnuts with small stones). The chromatography is immersed in cracks, main pulses and pores to achieve the purpose of staining. At present, scientific and technological progress is dyed with large -scale, and iron ore sand was no longer heated.

The characteristics of dyeing emerald:
The real fine chromosome, the layman cannot recognize it with the naked eye. It must be a scientific way to test it, plus professional knowledge to identify. For dyeing workmanship rough products, you can observe the following features with the naked eye:

1. The appearance color is dark, dull and blue, because it is stained with blue pigment.
2. The color only exists on the surface layer, which looks floating. "
3. The distribution of the color is divided by the dyed main pulse pattern, which is divided into the roots of the plant main roots and spread all over the whole stone throughout the stone. .
4. Dyeing emerald will lose its gloss and appears "dry" or "water deficiency" (opaque).
5. The color is blue and unnatural, which is the so -called evil color.
6. "It is like wearing a uniform, the same is the same.
7. Although the dyeing emerald is mostly single, it does not mean that the multi -color person will not be dyed, especially the bracelets are more likely to be dyed into green, purple and red three three three three three three that are green, purple and red. Color bracelets are so -called 禄, Lu, and life bracelets.

The application standard gem appraisal instrument inspection:
1. Dye green people are orange or pink under Charles filter; Go to blue and root patterns; observe with the handheld spectrophot, you can measure the 6300A-6700A with a wide and vague absorption band.
2. Purple-dyed purple-dyed person, with strength under long waves of ultraviolet lines to very strong orange fluorescence reactions. The short -wave ultraviolet reaction is weak orange fluorescent.
3. Dyes (pigment) gathered in the cracks on the surface.

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Colin
September 12, 2022 at 11:37 pm

First, we need to know the difference between jadeite and ingredients. It is the most confusing with jadeite. The ingredients are artificially melted, the structure is relaxed, and the green is uniform. Although it is unevenly manufactured, it is uniform but very unnatural. Emerald is a natural ore. The structure is tight and the green is mostly uneven, but it is natural. It is emerald without bubbles.

The second need to know how to identify the colorful emerald. Put the colorful jadeite into nitric acid or sulfuric acid, and after a few hours of green retreat. Put the colorful jadeite on the iron device at 70 ~ 80 ° C, and the green will be retreated after a few hours. The two characteristics can be used to distinguish the colorful emerald and natural emerald.

It the difference between jadeite and green natural ore: The green of natural ore that is easily confused with emerald is not as bright as emerald green, and the characteristics are different. Black dots are triangular. Australian stone, green flashing blue head, impure color. Green agate, green flashing blue, uniform color, but transparent. Dongling stone, green flashing blue, flashy, shining small white stars on the surface.

It the spaging mirror is a key tool for distinguishing dyeing and natural green jade.

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Joann
September 12, 2022 at 11:37 pm

Emerald is mainly a fibrous gathering of lithium minerals, composed of pyroxoplasm minerals. However, jadeite is not equal to because of rough jade. Emerald is formed under geological action and reaches the jade -grade stone polycrystalline collection. Emerald identification can identify authenticity through pattern, knocking, color, gloss, and identification certificate.

n00:00 / 01: 0770% shortcut keys to describe space: Play / suspend ESC: exit full screen ↑: increase volume 10% ↓: reduced volume decrease by 10% →: single fast forward 5 seconds ←: single fast retreat 5 seconds Press hold up and hold it up. Here you can drag no longer appear in the player settings to reopen the small window shortcut key description

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Kent
September 12, 2022 at 11:37 pm

Natural emerald has natural flowing, no coating, no lumpy spots after dyed, feel paper, natural cold, Shanghai Finance Channel is specifically introduced, the Central Taiwan Jianbao column will be introduced. It is recommended to look at it often.

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Tomas
September 12, 2022 at 11:37 pm

n00:00 / 01: 0570% shortcut keys to describe space: Play / pause ESC: Exit full screen ↑: increase volume 10% ↓: decreases by 10% →: Single fast forward 5 seconds studio Here you can drag no longer appear in the player settings to reopen the small window shortcut key description

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